Armory Military - The office spaces are intended for the training of clerical personnel, performing necessary paperwork, and administration activities. These functions can be separated into spaces dedicated to unit supervisors and full-time employees and common spaces shared by non-supervisory personnel that may be used by different individuals as the units rotate through training cycles.
Following the Civil War, the U.S. government was becoming increasingly concerned over the possibility of widespread civil unrest and class warfare. This led to the authorization of fortified bases for local militia throughout the country by the United States War Department in 1877. Local Armory Boards were organized in many states and cities, leading to the construction of numerous armories.
Armory Military
Walls: Minimum of 8 inches of concrete reinforced with a minimum of #4 at 9 inches on center in each direction. Reinforcement shall be in each face and staggered to form a grid approximately 4½ inch square. (DOD 5100.76-M also allows 8-inch filled concrete block reinforced with #4 or 8–inch interlocked brick for DOD facilities.)
Building Attributes
As institutional buildings, the primary consideration in the planning or design of an armory is to ensure a highly functional, operationally efficient facility. Other important considerations are to provide a safe, flexible, cost-effective, energy efficient facility that is aesthetically pleasing and comfortable to the occupants.
Security: An intrusion detection system (IDS) shall be installed, or provided for, according to the applicable criteria. (DOD 5100.76-M requires IDS for all DOD facilities storing category I and II missiles and rockets, category I and II ammunitions and explosives, and category II, III, and IV arms unless the storage areas are continuously manned or under constant surveillance.)
Armories should reflect characteristics of both a military facility representing national strength and patriotism, as well as a community support facility representing a sense of security, local pride, and community participation. Modern armories are generally designed to blend into the existing architecture of the surrounding region, and appear more like educational buildings than the fortresses of earlier armories.
The original function of armories was to provide a protected location where local militia could gather and train, as well as store their arms and ammunition. The spaces usually contained a large open area to practice maneuvers, offices, classrooms, dining facilities, weapons storage, and other support operations.
Functional Considerations
The functional requirements and intended usage of individual armories may vary considerably. The information contained herein is intended to summarize general information and guidance typical for most armory facilities. Each project should be developed individually considering specific project requirements, local conditions, and codes in order to arrive at the appropriate design solution.
The assembly hall provides space for troop formations, maintenance of equipment, food service seating, and large group assemblies for instructional training. It also may serve the neighboring community as a place of public assembly for planned functions as well as for a place of refuge in the event of natural disasters. These latter functions may control the design when considering fire protection requirements, accessibility, and bathroom layout. The assembly hall is an important functional element and should be centrally located within the facility, immediately adjacent to the kitchen and food storage spaces.
Today, armories, sometimes referred to as readiness centers, are used by National Guard and military reserve units. Their primary function is still to provide spaces for training, administration, and material storage for the assigned military units. Armories are also utilized to respond to emergencies and support state disaster relief for floods, fires, snowstorms, tornados, water outages, etc. In addition they are often used as a local community resource to house social functions such as public meetings and sporting events.
Maintenance Area: The maintenance area, if required, contains the spaces used to service, maintain, and store the organizational equipment as well as to train reserve mechanics. The area may contain shop offices, work bays, tools and parts storage and issue, equipment and vehicle storage, battery charging and storage, flammable material storage, mechanical equipment room, and personnel spaces including toilet, lounge, and locker rooms. There also may be requirements for special areas including small arms shop and vault and electronic/communication repair shop.
Energy Efficiency
Energy conservation opportunities shall be evaluated and incorporated into the design of all armories to the fullest extent practical. The most efficient and cost-effective systems, based on life-cycle cost, should be utilized. The following areas for energy-efficient design are recommended for consideration:
The maintenance area may also require spaces for the storage of heavy vehicles and equipment that are used during training periods. This area may contain provisions for a parking hardstand, fuel dispensing system, loading ramp, wash platform, and an indoor equipment storage warehouse.
Classrooms should be located close to an outside entrance for easy access without going thorough the administration area. Depending on the specific nature of the anticipated instruction, the designer shall consider the specific features including size, sound attenuation, lighting, and equipment such as desks, blackboards, audio/video devices, moveable partitions, etc.
The interior environment of the armory buildings should respond to the needs of the individuals who occupy the facilities and provide a humane setting that promotes a sense of belonging and well-being. Toward this end, the following are recommended for consideration in a design:
Flexibility And Economy Of Design
Doors: Vault Doors shall be Class 5, Federal Specification AA-D-600B. (DOD 5100.76-M allows a solid hardwood or laminated wood door at least 1–¾-inch thick with a 12–gauge steel plate on the outside face, or a standard 1–¾-inch thick hollow metal, industrial-type door with a minimum 14–gauge skin plate thickness, internally reinforced with continuous steel stiffeners spaced 6 inches on center.)
Landscaping should be provided to support the architectural character of the facility and provide color, texture, and form to the living environment. Plant and tree selection should be made to provide a permanent low maintenance solution appropriate to the facility's location.
Administration support spaces include message centers, reproduction rooms, conference rooms, and administration storage. The requirements for these spaces will depend upon the needs of the individual armory. Message centers serve as a mailroom and distribution point for all inter- and intra-office correspondence. A safe or other secure space for the storage of sensitive communication devices may also be required. Additional support spaces such as conference rooms, reproduction areas, drafting rooms, or photo labs may also be desirable.
Armories are typically intended to be multipurpose facilities that may require the ability to change their training emphasis over its life. Therefore the design of an armory should consider incorporating internal flexibility to accommodate change without undue expense. External flexibility should also be considered to accommodate potential growth and anticipated future use requirements. Evaluation of the cost impact of design decisions should consider life-cycle cost as well as initial cost and building system flexibility.
Forging Arms For The Nation
Arms Vault/Armory Rooms: The arms vaults provide secure storage of all weapons and ammunition assigned to the facility. The vault should be located adjacent to the firing range and not on an exterior wall if possible. Special security and construction considerations must be addressed.
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Many of the older armories were often ornate, fortress-like structures. The predominant turn-of-the-century architectural philosophy was that a building should proclaim its purpose. "A church should be welcoming, a jail should be oppressive, and an armory should be strongly suggestive of a fortress." (Dr. John H. Lienhard, Professor Emeritus, University of Houston, The Engines of Our Ingenuity, Episode No. 822, Old Armories.1)
WBDG is a gateway to up-to-date information on integrated 'whole building' design techniques and technologies. The goal of 'Whole Building' Design is to create a successful high-performance building by applying an integrated design and team approach to the project during the planning and programming phases.
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Ventilation: All applicable OSHA and safety environmental regulations must be satisfied. It essential to ensure laminar airflow with an adequate air speed evenly distributed across the entire cross section of the range at the firing line. (Due to the difficulties of meeting environmental requirements it is strongly recommended to use a proven design, and that all new or renovated ranges require a qualified testing firm perform an evaluation of the ventilation system in the completed range to ensure adequacy prior to acceptance.)
If an indoor arms range is included in the facility, the design and construction must incorporate proven environmentally safe provisions to ensure adequate ventilation of potentially harmful fumes, to clean the facility, and properly contain and dispose of potential contaminants. Appropriate signage and operational procedures shall be established to clearly direct personnel to take appropriate precautions.
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Unit Storage Area: Storage areas include spaces to manage the inventory of organizational equipment in a separate and secure area. The issue and return of organization clothing and equipment is conducted from this area that consists of a supply office and storage area subdivided by woven welded wire fabric. Locker spaces may also be provided for individuals to store clothing and equipment.
All applicable state and/or federal standards for handicapped parking and accessibility shall be considered. All areas of a facility accessible to the public will typically be required to meet the accessible standards, when newly constructed or renovated, according to the standards set forth in the Americans with Disabilities Act Architectural Guidelines (ADAAG) unless a more stringent state requirement is to be applied.
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